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Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, (ETA)
ETA symbol
ETA symbol
Operational1959 - present
Led byUnknown
ObjectivesThe creation of Euskal Herria, a separate state in 4 Spanish and 3 French provinces (Basque Country and Navarra)
Active region(s)Spain, mainly the Basque Country
IdeologyCommunist
Major crimesAssassinations (817), kidnaps, robbery, forcing the payment of the "revolutionary tax", street disturbs via Kale Borroka, social pressure (illegal concentrations, threatening media)
Notable attacks1973: Murder of the Carrero Blanco, Prime Minister

1980: Hipercor in Barcelona

1987: Casa-cuartel of the Guardia Civil in Zaragoza

1996: 532 days-long kidnapping of Ortega Lara

1997: Murder of young Miguel Angel Blanco city council member.

StatusBanned internationally as a terrorist organization, including the European Union, the United States and the United Nations


Euskadi Ta Askatasuna or ETA (Basque for "Basque Homeland and Freedom"; IPA pronunciation: ) is a paramilitary Basque nationalist organization. ETA is defined as a terrorist organization by the European Union, the United States and the United Nations.

Founded in 1959, it evolved rapidly from a group advocating traditional cultural ways to an armed group demanding Basque independence. Its ideology is Marxist-Leninist.

All formulations of ETA's goals have centered on sovereignty and self-determination for Euskal Herria (Basque Country and Navarra). ETA's motto is Bietan jarrai ("Keep up on both"). This refers to the two figures in the ETA symbol, a snake (representing politics) wrapped around an axe (representing armed combat).

ETA has committed approximately 900 killings and dozens of kidnappings. More than 500 ETA militants are held in prison in Spain and France.